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Used to treat psychotic states, these drugs work primarily as dopamine receptor antagonists, on the D2-receptor to block dopamine action in the mesolimbic and mesofrontal systems. The anti-dopamine activity is aimed at producing a state of apathy. These drugs have other useful properties such as antiemetic and antihistaminic effects, and possess the ability to potentiate analgesics, sedatives and general anaesthetics. An important unwanted effect is Parkinsonian symptoms mediated by antagonism of dopamine in the nigrostriatal system. Examples include chlorpromazine, clozapine and thioridazine. Depot injections (eg. Flupenthixol and fluphenazine) are not easily detected in blood due to the low levels obtained.
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